Interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality in teamwork: perceptions of multiprofessional residents in Hospital Care

Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs were created to further align health training with the needs of the population and, through an emphasis on teamwork, have been contributing to the consolidation of the Brazilian Unified Health System. The present study sought to understand the perceptions of a group of multiprofessional residents in Hospital Care about interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality within the scope of teamwork. This is a qualitative study that had the participation of 29 multiprofessional residents in the 'Hospital Care' area of concentration, all female (six psychologists, six social workers, six nurses, six physiotherapists and five nutritionists). Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview script. The corpuswas subjected to thematic content analysis. Most of the participants: (1) reported that their first contact with the notion of interdisciplinarity occurred when they were in college, which led to them assimilating it as a synonym for joint action, and (2) claimed to have no knowledge of the notion of interprofessionality, but valued the horizontalization of relations between health professionals. Additionally, important conditions concerning both interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality were not emphasized by the participants. Further studies on the subject are needed, due to its importance for public health.

Rodízio dos médicos-residentes em ginecologia e obstetrícia durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Rotation of gynecology and obstetrics resident physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic

Os Programas de Residência Médica em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PRMGO), com a chegada da pandemia da COVID- 19 no Brasil, precisaram se readequar para que os médicos-residentes (MRs) pudessem dar continuidade ao seu treinamento em serviço. Várias atividades eletivas foram suspensas, prejudicando, assim, esse cenário de prática, e alguns MRs precisaram se afastar por terem fator de risco, gestação ou por terem se contaminado, levando a incerteza e insegurança, principalmente para os MRs do terceiro ano, sem perspectiva de complementarem essa lacuna em seu treinamento. Nosso objetivo foi apresentar como dois serviços de PRMGO organizaram seus rodízios para poder seguir durante o ano de 2020 e proporcionar a carga horária prática e teórica durante esse ano tão inusitado.(AU)

Internato na pandemia Covid-19: a experiência de uma escola médica / Medical internship in the Covid-19 pandemic: the experience of a medical school

Resumo: Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou milhares de mortes e levou a incontáveis mudanças na forma de organização de serviços de saúde e nas escolas de Medicina mundo afora. Relato de experiência: Este artigo relata a experiência da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), cujas aulas foram suspensas em função da pandemia. Discussão: Descrevem-se as motivações para a suspensão e os procedimentos para a retomada das aulas do internato, depois de 15 semanas da interrupção. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância das decisões coletivas, da comunicação empática, do acolhimento e cuidado com a saúde mental e da parceria com o Hospital das Clínicas na realização de rastreamento para a presença do vírus entre os estudantes. Por fim, destaca-se o aprendizado para o professor ao se defrontar, por um lado, com a impotência diante da morte e do desconhecido, e, por outro, com a potência do cuidado que pode ser oferecido em situação tão singular quanto uma pandemia.

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused thousands of deaths and led to countless changes in the way health services and medical schools are organized around the world. Experience report: This article reports on the experience of the Botucatu Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, located in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where classes were suspended due to the pandemic. Discussion: The reasons for the suspension of internship classes and the procedures for their resumption, after 15 weeks, are described. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of collective decisions, empathic communication, mental health care and attention and the partnership with the Hospital das Clínicas in performing track and trace for presence of the virus among the students. Finally, particular emphasis is given to the learning gained by teachers who found themselves feeling, on the one hand, powerless in the face of death and the unknown and, on the other, the strength of the care that can be offered in a situation as unique as the pandemic.

Relato de experiencia del Cesac Nº 13 / Experience report at Cesac Nº 13

Relato de la experiencia en atención y formación de las residentes de Psicopedagogía del Centro de Salud Nº 13, perteneciente al área programática del Hospital General de Agudos P. Piñero, de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, durante el "Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio" decretado por la pandemia de Covid-19. Durante el año 2020, el equipo de Psicopedagogía de este Centro de Salud debió reorientar sus tareas y actividades, y cooperar con el resto del personal de salud del Centro, así como pensar en nuevas modalidades de capacitación.

Psicopedagogía: criterios de derivación / Psychopedagogy: derivation criteria

Trabajo de investigación en el marco del Sistema de Residencias y Concurrencias del Ministerio de Salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, realizado por residentes de tercer año con sede en el Centro de Salud Comunitaria Nº 10. Se analizan los criterios que sostienen las psicopedagogas de segundo y tercer año de la residencia de Psicopedagogía, jefas e instructoras de la misma y psicopedagogas de planta que se desempeñan en las diferentes sedes de la residencia durante marzo de 2018 a junio de 2019, para indicar exclusivamente atención psicológica a niños de escolaridad primaria que se encuentran en diagnóstico psicopedagógico, los criterios para indicar exclusivamente el inicio de tratamiento psicopedagógico y los que sostienen las profesionales para proponer la atención en ambas disciplinas.

Investigación 2019-2020: Razones prevalentes de la asistencia regular al tratamiento psicopedagógico y grado de satisfacción con el mismo, en el Área Programática del Hospital Gral. de Agudos Dr. J. M. Ramos Mejía: ¿Por qué sostienen los que sostienen?" / Research 2019-2020: Prevalent reasons for the regular attendance to the psychopedagogical treatment and degree of satisfaction, in the Programmatic Area of the Hospital Gral. Dr. J. M. Ramos Mejía: Why do you hold those who hold?

Investigación del equipo de psicopedagogas residentes del Área Programática del Hospital Ramos Mejía (HRM), de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde la clínica psicopedagógica es una de las principales tareas que desempeña, destinada a una población de niños/as entre 4 y 11 años. Desde 2019, se distribuye la encuesta de seguimiento por tratamiento sostenido, instrumento que se administró a los referentes de los niños/as que habían podido sostener el tratamiento. Considerando la multiplicidad de factores que pudieran afectar la asistencia regular, dicha encuesta incluye preguntas que indagan el motivo de llegada al equipo, la presencia de preocupaciones al iniciar el proceso, el tiempo de tratamiento, las razones explicitadas por las que se sostiene el espacio, la conveniencia del turno en cuanto día y horario, el tiempo de traslado al Área Programática, la calidad de la comunicación con la psicopedagoga del niño/a, entre otras. En el presente trabajo, a partir de la información antes mencionada, se procura analizar las razones prevalentes para el sostenimiento de los tratamientos psicopedagógicos en la población del área y su grado de satisfacción con el mismo.

Cambios en el Programa de Formación Quirúrgica en la era COVID-19 / Changes in the Surgical Training Program in the COVID-19 era

La aparición de esta nueva enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha generado un gran impacto dentro de los equipos de salud, obligando a realizar cambios profundos en la actividad diaria. Estas modificaciones están orientadas a promover un ambiente de trabajo seguro para el personal médico y no médico. Sin embargo, algunos de esos cambios pueden tener consecuencias sobre el proceso de aprendizaje de los médicos en formación. El desafío que enfrenta un Servicio de Cirugía de un Hospital Universitario es mantener la continuidad de los programas formativos asegurando a la vez la seguridad de los médicos residentes. En este comunicado se describen los cambios realizados en el Programa de la Residencia de Cirugía General en un Hospital Universitario, orientados a brindar la misma calidad educativa, en un entorno seguro durante el transcurso de esta pandemia.

The appearance of this new coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has generated a great impact within health teams, forcing profound changes in the daily activity. These modifications are aimed at promoting a safe work environment for medical and non-medical personnel. However, some of these changes may have consequences on the learning process of doctors in training. The challenge faced by a Surgery Service of a University Hospital is to maintain the continuity of the training programs while ensuring the safety of Residents. This report describes the changes made to the General Surgery Residency Program at a university hospital, aimed at providing the same educational quality, in a safe environment during the course of this pandemic.

COVID-19: Reestructuración de emergencia e impacto de la pandemia en una Sección de Cirugía Mininvasiva Guiada por Imágenes / Emergency restructuring and impact of the pandemic in an Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Surgery Section

Antecedentes: La enfermedad por coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha forzado cambios en todas las facetas de los sistemas de salud. En este artículo se describen las modificaciones realizadas en la Sección de Cirugía Miniinvasiva Guiada por Imágenes (CIGIM) del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, para promover la seguridad y el bienestar del personal manteniendo la capacidad de respuesta a la demanda asistencial y académica. Material y métodos: Las medidas incluyeron la reorganización del personal, el manejo de los procedimientos electivos y de urgencia, las consultas ambulatorias, así como la actividad docente y de investigación. También se analizó comparativamente la variación interanual (2019-2020) de los pacientes atendidos (procedimientos percutáneos y consultas ambulatorias) entre el 20 de marzo y el 10 de mayo de cada año. Resultados: La Sección CIGIM fue reorganizada en rotaciones semanales de 3 actividades, con distanciamiento estricto entre sus miembros, y hasta el momento ninguno resultó afectado. Los pacientes operados y las consultas realizadas durante el período estudiado 2019 vs. 2020 disminuyeron significativamente: 136 vs. 57 operados y 102 vs. 39 consultas; p < 0,0001. Las plataformas virtuales se utilizaron con éxito para mantener la actividad de pregrado, incluyendo cursadas de alumnos de grado de Medicina de dos universidades, el programa de residencia de Cirugía General y reuniones científicas; en dicho período se produjeron 3 trabajos científicos para publicación. Conclusiones: La disminución de la demanda asistencial, la reorganización de los grupos de trabajo y las plataformas virtuales pueden resultar estrategias y herramientas valiosas para afrontar la pandemia por COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) has forced changes in all facets of health systems. This article describes the modifications made in the Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Surgery Section (CIGIM) of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, to promote the safety and well being of personnel while maintaining the ability to respond to academic and healthcare demand. Material and methods: Measures included reorganization of staff, management of elective and emergency procedures, outpatient consultations, as well as teaching and research activity. The inter-annual variation (2019-2020) of the patients attended (percutaneous procedures and outpatient consultations) between March 20 and May 10 of each year was also analyzed comparatively. Results: The CIGIM Section was reorganized into weekly rotations of 3 activities, with strict distancing among its members, and so far none have been affected. The operated patients and the consultations made during the analyzed period of 2019 vs. 2020 decreased significantly: 136 vs. 57 operated and 102 vs. 39 consultations; p <0.0001. Virtual platforms were successfully used to maintain undergraduate activity, including courses taken by medical students from two universities, the General Surgery residency program and scientific meetings; In this period, 3 scientific papers were written for publication. Conclusions: Dealing with healthcare demand, reorganizing working groups and virtual platforms can be valuable strategies and tools to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.

Virtual learning environment in pediatric rheumatology for pediatric residents / Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em reumatologia pediátrica para residentes em pediatria

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop, implement and evaluate an online virtual learning environment (VLE) on pediatric rheumatology, aimed at pediatric residents, analyzing its effectiveness and satisfaction rates. Methods: A total of 92 first and second year pediatric residents at two pediatric reference centers were invited to participate in the study. Residents were randomized into a case group (that answered the pre-course test, attended the six virtual pediatric rheumatology modules, and then responded to the post-course test and a satisfaction questionnaire) and a control group (that only answered the pre-course test and, after 4 weeks, the post-course test). Results: Forty-seven residents (51%) completed their participation. In the case group (n=24), the mean percentage of correct answers was 14% higher on the post-course test (p<0.001). The number of correct answers was larger in the case group than in the control one (n=23) in the post-course test (p=0.045). In the assessment of satisfaction with VLE use, residents considered the site easy to navigate (91%), suitable as a learning tool (91%), and attractive in design (79%). They reported poor prior knowledge in pediatric rheumatology (91%) and agreed that there was good learning with the methodology (75%). Conclusions: The virtual learning environment in pediatric rheumatology proved to be an effective teaching tool with high satisfaction rates, providing pediatrician residents with adequate knowledge regarding the initial assessment and management of children with rheumatic diseases.

RESUMO Objetivo: Elaborar, implementar e avaliar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem online em reumatologia pediátrica, direcionado aos residentes em pediatria, analisando sua efetividade e seus índices de satisfação. Métodos: Foram convidados 92 residentes de pediatria do primeiro e segundo anos de dois centros de referência em pediatria. Os residentes foram divididos, de forma randomizada, em grupo caso (que respondeu ao teste pré-curso, assistiu aos seis módulos virtuais de reumatologia pediátrica e, ao término das aulas virtuais, respondeu ao teste pós-curso e ao questionário de satisfação) e grupo controle (que apenas respondeu ao teste pré-curso e, após quatro semanas, ao teste pós-curso). Resultados: Completaram a participação 47 (51%) residentes. No grupo caso (n=24), o percentual de acertos foi 14% maior no teste pós-curso (p<0,001). Houve um percentual de acertos maior no grupo caso em relação ao grupo controle (n=23) na comparação do resultado do teste pós-curso (p=0,045). Na avaliação da satisfação em relação ao uso do ambiente virtual, os residentes consideraram o site de fácil navegação (91%), adequado como ferramenta de aprendizagem (91%) e com design atrativo (79%). Eles relataram um conhecimento prévio ruim em reumatologia pediátrica (91%) e concordaram que houve um bom aprendizado por meio da metodologia (75%). Conclusões: O ambiente virtual de aprendizado em reumatologia pediátrica mostrou-se uma ferramenta de ensino eficaz e com altos índices de satisfação na sua utilização, fornecendo ao residente em pediatria um conhecimento adequado para avaliação e conduta inicial de pacientes com doenças reumáticas da infância.

Consideraciones sobre la necesidad de supervisión a los ingresantes a las residencias médicas / On the need for supervision of the entrants to medical residences

Según la Asociación Americana de Facultades de Medicina existen 13 actividades profesionales confiables que los graduados de medicina deberían poder realizar en su primer día de residencia sin supervisión directa. Esas actividades no están claramente definidas en nuestro país. Además, no existen datos locales sobre la necesidad de su supervisión. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la opinión de residentes y docentes acerca del nivel de supervisión que requieren los médicos ingresantes al sistema de residencias para realizar esas actividades. Se efectuó un estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron residentes de primer año de especialidades clínicas y quirúrgicas y sus docentes. Se enviaron encuestas electrónicas o en papel, con participación voluntaria y anónima. Se investigó la estimación sobre el nivel de supervisión que requerían los médicos ingresantes durante el primer mes de formación para 13 actividades. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre la evaluación hecha por residentes (n = 71) y los docentes (n = 39) en 11 de 13 de esas actividades. Más de la mitad de los docentes consideró que los residentes requerían supervisión directa para realizarlas, con las excepciones de formular interrogatorios clínicos y buscar evidencia. La mayoría de los residentes consideró que se requería supervisión directa solo en seis de ellas. En conclusión, los residentes estimaron requerir menor supervisión que sus docentes, quienes pensaban que los ingresantes al sistema de residencia no eran capaces de realizar la mayoría de las competencias clínicas de manera autónoma. Sería importante mejorar esta evaluación en los recién graduados, para definir con mayor precisión los niveles de supervisión.

According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, there are thirteen core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) that medical graduates should be able to perform in their first day of residency, without direct supervision. In Argentina EPAs are not clearly defined. Moreover, there is no local data about the need of supervision regarding these activities. The aim of this study was to assess residents' and teaching physicians' estimations about the level of supervision that physicians in their first month of residency needed in order to perform EPAs. A cross-section study was conducted. First-year medical residents and teaching physicians were included. Electronic or paper surveys were sent, asking the level of supervision the participants estimated that residents needed to perform the 13 core EPAs, during their first month of residency. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. There were significant differences between the opinion of residents (n = 71) and teaching physicians (n = 39), for 11 out of 13 EPAs. More than half of the teaching physicians considered that residents needed direct supervision when performing EPAs, except for asking clinical questions and looking for evidence. Most residents thought that they required direct supervision in 6 EPAs. In conclusion, medical residents perceived the need of lower levels of supervision when compared to teaching physicians, who considered that medical graduates were not capable of performing most EPAs without direct supervision upon entering residency. Thus, it would be important to improve the procedures to evaluate the competences of medical graduates in order to establish more accurate supervision levels.